It is important to manage hypertension through various treatment options, which may include lifestyle changes, medications, or a combination of both. In order to determine the best treatment option, it is important to distinguish between primary and secondary hypertension as the treatment approach may differ based on the underlying cause.
Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the most common form of high blood pressure, accounting for about 90-95% of cases. Treatment for primary hypertension usually involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and reducing stress. Medications may also be prescribed to help lower blood pressure. One effective lifestyle change is maintaining a healthy diet, which includes reducing sodium intake and increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regular exercise, such as 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most days of the week, can also help lower blood pressure. For a complete list of effective lifestyle changes and to read more, click here.
In addition to lifestyle changes, medications may be necessary to control hypertension. There are several classes of drugs that can be used, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. The choice of medication will depend on the patient’s individual health status and other factors. Combination therapy, which involves the use of two or more medications from different drug classes, may also be used to manage hypertension. This approach has been shown to be effective in reducing blood pressure and lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. Patients should also be aware of their blood pressure goals, which vary depending on age and other health factors.
Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is caused by an underlying medical condition or medications. Examples of conditions that can cause secondary hypertension include kidney disease, thyroid disease, sleep apnea, and certain hormonal disorders. Medications, such as birth control pills, decongestants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also cause secondary hypertension. Treatment for secondary hypertension typically involves addressing the underlying condition or stopping the medication that is causing it. In some cases, medications may also be prescribed to lower blood pressure.
